最近很多花友询问白粉虱防治,特编辑一个帖子介绍一下,希望对大家有所帮助。图片是我从书上扫的不太清晰,加减看[em01][em01][em01]
白粉虱
俗称小白蛾,最早发现于南美洲,有几种不同的种类,常见的是温室白粉虱。它可以危害几百种植物,尤其是菊花、旱金莲、马蹄莲、大丽菊、月季、瓜叶菊、非洲菊、万寿菊等花卉。白粉虱在南方可以露地越冬,在北方只能在温室中越冬,所以是消灭它的好时候。
成虫 个体较小长约1-2mm,淡黄白只白色,身体及翅上覆盖有白色腊粉。可作短距离飞行,随风可以长距离迁飞。
若虫(幼虫) 刚孵化的幼虫,身体扁平,长椭圆形,黄绿色,可缓慢爬行,脱掉1次皮后,足退掉虫体紧贴叶面不再爬行,口针刺入叶片吸食汁液。其间再蜕皮2次成为假蛹(4龄若虫),在蜕皮可羽化为成虫。这时如果摘掉叶片可以使若虫失水死亡。
卵 小如针尖,多产于幼嫩的叶片背面,以细丝插入叶片,初为淡绿色,孵化前逐渐变为黑色。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180231695661.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180231695661.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180524581442.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180524581442.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
成虫
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180234060705.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180234060705.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
若虫(幼虫)
危害:白粉虱的成虫和若虫集中在叶片的背面刺吸汁液,可以使叶片褪绿变黄,直至干枯死亡。另外它的排泄物含有较多的糖分,在潮湿的环境中会导致煤污病的大发生。还有成虫在不同植物间刺吸植物汁液时会传播植物病毒病。白粉虱的生活时代较短,1年可以发生10几代,而且时代间重叠严重,所以大发生时危害严重,所以是一种对植物生长危害比较重的害虫。
生活史:见下图
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180235679441.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2005-10/200510180235679441.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
防治方法:
1:物理防治:黄板诱杀;摘除植物下部若虫比较多的老叶;吸尘器吸取等。
2:化学防治:熏蒸杀灭;喷洒药物。
常用的化学药物有:扑虱灵、虱蚜净、功夫、天王星、地王星、吡虫啉、百灭宁、四季红、年丰、永安、绿菜宝、阿维菌素等。
其中我使用中觉得扑虱灵、虱蚜净、四季红、年丰、永安、绿菜宝、阿维菌素的效果不错,尤其是四季红、年丰、永安、绿菜宝、阿维菌素高效低毒。
应当注意的是白粉虱身体表面有蜡粉不沾药物,喷洒药物时一定加入渗透剂(可用中性洗衣粉或洗洁精代替),既增加药物对白粉虱的附着力,还可以破坏蜡层提高药效。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-18 1:11:06编辑过]
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