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天竺葵 专业栽培技巧 本文主要针对那些对天竺葵有一定的了解，并已有一定的栽培经验和心得的花友，通过了解国外天竺葵高手的实际栽培介绍、图片说明等，提高自己的种植技巧，达到或者接近展示级天竺葵栽培水准。 本文主要参考资料来源于国外网站，以中英文对照的形式展现，不足或者错误之处敬请指正。 Part.1 KEN'S PRIZEPELARGONIUMS
英国资深天竺葵爱好者Ken，多年来诸多作品在国家展，郡县等级花展中获得大奖。
 2009年获得国家展全场总冠军的作品  Ken及所获奖杯
Ken的作品——大花天
Ken的作品——天使之眼
Ken的作品——直立天竺葵
Ken的作品——枫叶天
HI, MY NAME IS KEN ABEL AND I LIVE IN CARLTONCOLVILLE, SUFFOLK IN THE UK. I HAVE BEEN GROWING AND SHOWING PELARGONIUMSNATIONALLY SINCE 1999.
PLEASE NOTE I DO NOT SELL PLANTS. ALL THE IDEAS AND TIPS ON MY WEBSITE, RELATE TO HOWI GROW AND EXHIBIT SHOW PLANTS. (THEY WORK FOR ME) MOST OF THE PLANTS YOU SEE ON THIS SITE WEREGROWN BY ME UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE. 大家好，我是Ken Abel.我住在 CARLTON COLVILLE，属于萨福克郡，自从1999年起，我加入英国天竺葵国家俱乐部以来，一直栽培天竺葵，并且坚持带我的作品参展。 但是我从不出售天竺葵苗 我网页提供和分享我自己的栽培心得，这些方法和技巧对我来说是十分有效的。我发布的图文大部分都是我自己撰写和拍摄的，除非我特别声明了是引用而来的。 No.1 OVERWINTERINGPELARGONIUMS/天竺葵过冬
 AS I WANT MY SHOW PLANTS TO KEEP GROWING THROUGH THECOLD WINTER MONTHS, I HEAT MY GREENHOUSES WITH ELECTRIC FAN HEATERS. I DELAYINSULATING THE GREENHOUSES UNTIL IT STARTS TO GET REALLY COLD, ONCE INTO SINGLEFIGURES (CENTIGRADE) DURING THE DAY I GIVE IN - LOL. ALL THE GLASS IS CLEANEDINSIDE AND OUT TO HELP LET IN MORE LIGHT, BEFORE PUTTING IN THE BUBBLEINSULATION. I USE THE LARGE BUBBLES FOR THE SIDES AND THE ENDS, AND SMALLBUBBLES FOR THE ROOF.
THE MINIMUM NIGHT TIME TEMPERATURE IS KEPT BETWEEN5C-6C, WHICH IS HIGH ENOUGH TO KEEP PLANTS HEALTHY AND GROWING WELL. WHENEVERPOSSIBLE THE GREENHOUSE WINDOWS AND DOORS ARE OPENED TO KEEP THE DAYTIMETEMPERATURE FROM GETTING TOO HIGH. WATERING FROM THE BOTTOM HELPS KEEP THE COMPOST DRYIN THE TOP OF POTS, ALSO A LARGE ELECTRIC FAN IS ON MOST OF THE TIME TO KEEPTHE AIR MOVING AROUND THE PLANTS.
THIS WILL GO A LONG WAY TO REDUCING ANY THREAT OF BOTRYTIS. 由于我希望我的参赛天竺葵在漫长的冬季亦能够保持生长，我采用电热风扇给我的温棚加温，在气温降到足够低的时候我才开始升温（注：由于英国气候跟我国差别很大，英格兰由于长年收到北大西洋流的影响，四季变化并不明显，冬季气温常常在0-5度之间徘徊，而即使是夏天也有可能气温低到10度以下。）当气温降到10度以下的时候，我开始给温棚加温，为了确保保温效果，我在温棚内贴上泡泡塑料膜促进保温效果。 而到了夜间，我保持棚内最低温度高于5摄氏度，这样天竺葵不会受到冷冻的侵害，也能保持一定长势。当白天温度较高的时候，我会尽量打开窗户和门，让通风足够，这对天竺葵的健康成长是非常必要的，也利于白天和夜间的温差的缩小（注：天竺葵并不喜欢昼夜温差太大，保持在10度以内是最理想的） 我喜欢在天竺葵盆底部放一个托盘，浇水从托盘倒水，这样可以保持花盆顶部的土壤较为干燥，这对于预防葡萄孢子菌类发病是十分有利的。另外，大部分时候我都是打开着大风扇促进通风的。
AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE PICTURE I REMOVE ALL THEPLANTS FROM THE GREENHOUSE TO INSULATE IT. IN THE PAST I HAVE KNOCKED PLANTSOVER WHILE DOING THIS. NOW I TRAY PLANTS UP AND PUT THEM UNDER THE STAGING INANOTHER GREENHOUSE, IF IT IS TOO COLD TO PUT THEM OUTSIDE.
MY GREENHOUSES ARE ALUMINIUM SO I USE THE GREENALIPLUGS WHEN PUTTING UP THE INSULATION. I FIND THEM QUICK AND EFFECTIVE. THEGREENHOUSES GET A GOOD CLEAN OUT WITH A HOOVER BEFORE THE PLANTS GO BACK IN,THIS ALSO HELPS TO GET RID OF ANYTHING LURKING ON THE STAGING OR FLOOR. I FIND THAT PREVENTION IS BETTER THEN HAVING TO DEALWITH ANY PEST INFESTATION, SO BY KEEPING GREENHOUSES CLEAN AND WITH REGULAR USEOF PROVADO THE PLANTS ARE NORMALLY FREE OF PESTS. 如你所见，这是我的小型温棚，我时常进行一次大清理，把天竺葵苗搬出来，然后进行一次打扫，消毒，杀虫等工作，比起发病以后再杀虫，预防要简单而有效得多。（注：尽管天竺葵需要全日照，但是请注意，多个国家的园艺爱好者都将其定义为:室内栽培植物，即需要庇护所。有条件的花友，特别是想培育出如同宣传图片一般美轮美奂的天苗的花友，得有思想准备，至少选取一块采光良好的露台，阳台，小花园等 作为改造建设天竺葵苗棚的场所，无论你采用哪种形式，带通风，温控的花房都是非常重要而有效的）
THE GREENHOUSES LOOK BETTER ONCE THE PLANTS ARE BACKIN, AS YOU CAN SEE I HAVE THE LARGEST PLANTS ON UPTURNED DEEP ROSE POTS. THISGIVES ME A LOT MORE ROOM ON THE STAGING, IT ALSO MEANS THAT THE PLANTS GET ALOT MORE LIGHT AND MAKE A BETTER SHAPE.
当天竺葵苗回到温棚后，看起来感觉舒服多了，如你所见，我将新上盆的新苗放到深型倒置的玫瑰盆上，这样他们可以获得更多的空间生长，也能获得更好的采光（对于英国人来说，特别是冬天的英国，漫漫长夜，烟雨朦胧，获得阳光比什么都来得重要，因此他们充分利用自然资源的精神实在让人佩服。记得有多个客户向我提到，说欧洲的气候更适合天竺葵生长，在中国养不好天竺葵，我觉得这完全就是一个误区，欧洲除了南部地中海地区，大部分都是寡日照，常年阴雨连绵的气候，对于天竺葵来说都是非常不利，唯一不同的是，他们的年均温度低于我国大部分地区，但是这又如何呢？试想下是加温困难还是降温困难呢？况且天竺葵根本上并不是怕热，而是怕湿热！！） No.2 HOW I TREAT MYSHOW PLANTS/如何处理需要参展的苗
I CUT MY PLANTS BACK A FEW DAYS AFTER SHOWS. THISALLOWS ME MORE SPACE ON BENCHES FOR PLANTS THAT I WILL USE IN THE NEXT SHOW,PLUS I DO NOT HAVE TO SPEND TIME WATERING THOSE PLANTS QUITE AS MUCH . I AMGOING TO CUT THE PLANT OF DUBAI STAR IN THE PHOTO BACK HARD AS IT CAN BE TALLGROWING.
每次花展后几天，我都将完结展览的天苗进行修剪，这样可以为我下次参展而培育的花苗腾出足够的空间（对于阳台族花友来说，适当的时间修剪观赏价值下降的苗可以充分利用有限的狭小空间）况且修剪后的盆苗需水量也大大下降，可以不再劳费多余的浇水之苦。
AS YOU CAN SEE I HAVE GONE BACK TO ABOUT 6"FROM TOP OF THE POT, MAKING SURE THE CUT IS JUST ABOVE A LEAF NODE. I HAVEFOUND THAT IF THE CUT IS MADE UNDER A LEAF NODE, THAT STEM COULD START TO ROTAND EVEN DIE BACK TO BASE OF PLANT. THE ADVANTAGE OF CUTTING PLANTS BACK WHEN THEWEATHER IS WARM, IS THAT THE STEMS WILL SOON HEAL OVER. 如你所见，我将花苗剃头至高于花盆15公分左右的样子，仅在每个枝条上保留一个芽点即可。如果将一个枝条剪到一个叶芽都不剩，那么这个枝条将会彻底烂掉到根部。待寒冷的冬季过去，修剪后的枝条又会很快随同温暖的阳光，一起爆发起来。
THIS PLANT OF BOLD CARMINE WHICH IS A DWARF, HASBEEN CUT BACK TO ABOUT 3" ABOVE THE POT. THE REASON I DO THIS IS TO KEEPANY OLD WOOD TO A MINIMUM, THE NEW GROWTH WILL GIVE A BETTER SHAPED PLANT.
I DO NOT STRIP ALL THE OLD LEAVES OFF AS THEY HELPTHE PLANT PRODUCE NEW GROWTH MORE QUICKLY, ONCE THIS HAPPENS THE OLD LEAVES ARETHEN REMOVED. 这是一盆Bold Carmine，矮生环纹品种，因此修剪后只有大约8cm的高度，而我对它修剪的依据是，尽量去除那些已经木质化的老枝条，而尽量保留新发出的嫩枝，嫩枝的生命力和活力都比老枝条好得多。我在修剪天竺葵苗的时候，一般不会一次性摘掉所有的老叶片，这样可以帮助新芽快速成长，当新芽完全长出以后，再彻底将老化叶片摘除。 如下图所示，我在修剪后保留了部分老叶，因此新芽迅速长出，这个时候，便可以彻底摘除老叶。
如下图，完成了历史使命的老叶片功成身退！
PLANTS LIKE THE FAN ABOVE ARE PRUNED LIGHTLY TO KEEPTHE SHAPE THEN LAID FLAT ON THE STAGING. I FIND THIS PRODUCES NEW GROWTH MOREQUICKLY.THE SUPPORT HAS BEEN INCREASED BY 6" ALL ROUND FOR 2012, SOHOPEFULLY THIS WILL BE COVERED BY SHOW TIME
长到上图这种程度的苗，为了保持形状，进行轻微修剪后，将盆侧躺放在苗床上，这样更利于侧枝的萌发。 MY ANGELS GET TREATED DIFFERENTLY, THEY ARE CUT BACKBY HALF TO START WITH LIKE THE PLANT OF QUANTOCK KIRSTY BELOW. 然而我对天使型的修剪则不同，通常我保留从根基到顶芽之间一半的长度，而不是一剃到底。
WHEN THE NEW GROWTH APPEARS A FEW WEEKS LATER I THENCUT BACK AGAIN TRYING TO KEEP A SHAPE AS I DO SO. THE REASON THAT I DO THIS ISTHAT IN THE PAST I HAVE LOST CERTAIN VARIETIES BY CUTTING BACK HARD STRAIGHTAWAY.
当新芽生长数周之后，我再按之前的修剪方式重复进行，直到获得我满意的株型为止，由于过去我采用彻底剃头的方法导致一些品种的死亡，改用反复剃头而适度切短，有效避免了杯具的重演。
NO3、TIPS ANDBONSAI/盆栽技巧 WHEN POTTING ON HERE IS HOW I ALWAYS GET THE PLANTIN THE MIDDLE OF THE POT. IN THE PHOTO I AM PUTTING A 3" POT INTO A4" . ENOUGH COMPOST IS ADDED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE 4" TO BRING THE3" UP TO THE RIGHT LEVEL, PLACE THE SMALLER POT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE4". FILL THE SPACE IN BETWEEN WITH COMPOST. 当需要给小盆苗换大一号的盆的时候，我通常把等待换盆苗大小的花盆放入大一号的待用盆中，盛满栽培介质， 然后在外层填满介质，如下图
POTTING ON A 3" INTO A 4" POT.
BEFORE REMOVING THE INNER POT, TAP ALL OF IT ON THEBENCH THEN TOP UP WITH MORE COMPOST. THE REASON I DO THIS IS TO MAKE SURE ITDOES NOT ALL COLLAPSE ON ME WHEN IT IS REMOVED. 移除中间花盆之前，拍打外层的栽培介质确保压实，以免取出后介质松垮下来。
REMOVE THE 3"POT FROM THE PLANT THEN JUST DROPIT INTO THE WAITING SPACE IN THE 4", TAP ON THE BENCH TO SETTLE IT IN. IFNEED BE ADD MORE COMPOST TO ANY SPACE LEFT IN THE TOP OF THE POT. REPEAT THISEVERY TIME THAT PLANT IS POTTED ON UNTIL IT REACHES ITS FINAL POT. 然后就可以把等待花盆的苗整个土球一起从盆中取出，放入准备好的盆中，压紧后拍打几次，确保栽培介质充分接触。
（本人是非专业人士，换盆从来没有这么麻烦过，呵呵！小盆换大盆时，直接在大盆底部放一两厘米厚的基质和适量肥料，上面再加一厘米左右的基质后，将小盆里磕出来的花苗放在大盆的中间，四周再填充上混合好肥料的基质，边填里边蹲盆，最后再用手指轻轻压实四周的土就OK了。我换盆时一般就1000倍的高锰酸钾溶液作为定根水，这样既能杀菌又能促发新根，一举两得。） THIS IS SOMETHING I FIND USEFUL WHEN WATERING. WHEN CHECKING THE PLANTS,ALL THE ONES THAT DONOT NEED WATER, I PLACE A CANE IN THE POT. THE NEXT DAY ALL I HAVE TO DO ISCHECK THE ONES WITH CANES .IF THEY THEN WANT WATERING,I DO SO AND THEN REMOVETHE CANE. 另外分享一个关于浇水的小技巧，当我每次浇水完成之后，把那些没有干透不需要浇水的花盆中插入一个小棍子，这样第二天查看温棚的时候，我就只需要检查那些插了小棍的盆子，因为没有插的都是不需要浇水的，这样如果插了小棍的盆子也需要浇水，那么浇水之后移除小棍，就可以确保每次只检查一部分而且不会误浇到那些没有干的苗了。
BONSAI /盆景 RATHER THEN THROW THESE MINIATURES AWAY AS THEY HADBECOME WOODY, I THOUGHT I WOULD TRY MY HAND AT MAKING THEM INTO BONSAI. THEPHOTOS OF WENSUM & EAST SUSSEX WERE TAKEN A DAY AFTER THEY WERE POTTED UPON 24.09.09, SO I HAVE MY FINGERS CROSSED THAT THEY WILL BE OK AND MAKE NEWROOTS. AS YOU CAN IMAGINE I HAD TO REMOVE SO MUCH OF THE OLD ROOT BALL TO GETTHEM INTO BONSAI POTS.
CARDINGTON WAS DONE AT THE SAME TIME, AND HASSETTLED IN AND STARTED TO FLOWER IN JULY. 对于那些枝条已经严重木质化的老苗（迷你品种），除了淘汰，我发现还有个很好的处理办法，那就是尝试做成微型盆景，我把大部分的枝条剪去，并且把老根清理一遍，去掉了大部分老化的根系，把苗种入这种盆景用的小花盆里。
BELOW IS AN OLD PLANT OF GOLDEN PETITE PIERRE THAT IHAVE TURNED INTO A BONSAI. THOUGHT I WOULD GIVE IT A GO, AS THE FLOWER HEADSARE QUITE SMALL ON THIS VARIETY. 下图是一株老化的GOLDEN PETITE PIERRE,我把老苗种入盆景小盆中，我认为这是值得尝试的，因为这是一个小花型的品种。
HOW I TREAT CUTTINGS THAT ARE HARDER TO ROOT. THIS IS WHAT I DO TO SOME OF THE PROBLEM ANGELS.ITAKE A 2.5" POT, PUT SOME CUTTING MIX IN THE BOTTOM, THEN PLACE A1.5" POT IN THE MIDDLE AND FILL IN AROUND THE SIDES WITH THE MIXTUREFIRMING AS I GO. ANY COMPOST THAT GETS IN THE MIDDLE POT IS EMPTIED OUT.PLACETHE CUTTINGS IN BETWEEN THE 2 POTS, FIRMING IN AROUND EACH ONE. AS YOU CAN SEEIN THE PHOTO THIS WORKS WELL AS ALL ARE ROOTED. I REMOVED A CUTTING SO THEINNER POT COULD BE SEEN. 如何对待难以生根的品种？ 如图，我将难生根品种的插条插入这样一个DIY的苗床中，简单地说就是大盆套小盆，之间的缝隙处作为扦插床。然后将插条一个挨着一个的排列，这样扦插的效果非常好，我常常获得很高的成活率，我移走一个扦插条，大家可以清楚的看到。
A SHOW PLANT DIARY 展示型天竺葵栽培日记 MONTH BY MONTH GUIDE 逐月讲解栽培要领（注：英国气候条件跟国内有显著差异，仅供花友借鉴参考，切勿生硬照搬） THIS IS A ROUGH GUIDE TO HOW I DO THINGS, ON AMONTHLY BASIS. IT HAS WORKED FOR ME OVER THE YEARS, BUT I AM ALWAYSLOOKING TO IMPROVE WHERE I CAN. 这是一篇粗略的描述我的工作流程日记，根据每个月为周期记录，这个方式为我所用数年，但是我一直在尝试新的改进。 JULY/7月 LL THE PLANTS WHICH WERE USED EARLIER IN JUNE FORSHOWS, SHOULD ALL BY NOW BE CUT BACK AND SHOWING SIGNS OF NEW GROWTH. IN THE PHOTO YOU WILL SEE A PLANT OF MADAMESALLERON, WHICH WAS CUT BACK HARD AFTER PAGS NATIONAL SHOW (20 DAYS AGO). I CUTBACK QUITE HARD ON SOME PLANTS AS YOU CAN SEE. THIS WAY YOU WILL NOT GET MUCHOLD WOOD, AND A NICE COMPACT PLANT. ANGELS ARE AN EXCEPTION, I ONLY GO BACK BYHALF AT FIRST, THEN WAIT UNTIL THEY START TO SHOOT LOWER DOWN THE STEMS. ONCE THIS HAPPENS I CUT BACK FURTHER, ALWAYS JUSTABOVE A LEAF NODE. I FOUND THAT ANY CUTS MADE IN BETWEEN LEAF NODES, CAUSE THESTEM TO DIE BACK, AND CAN EVEN MAKE THAT WHOLE STEM DIE RIGHT BACK TO THE BASEOF THE PLANT. FEEDING WITH CHEMPAK NO.2 HIGH NITROGEN FOR A FEWTIMES HELPS GIVE THE PLANTS A KICK. 这些待处理的花苗都是我之前培育参加6月花展的，现在正需要“砍头”处理，这样可以重新爆发新的枝条。图片上展示的是MADAME SALLERON这个品种，你可以发现我对展示型盆栽的修建时很深度的。除了切掉过长的枝条，甚至大部分的叶片也逐一摘除。这样修剪一番，便可以去除大部分木质化的老枝条，并且获得长势紧凑的效果。当然，如上文提到的，天使的修剪是需要慎重的，这种重度修剪不适合用于天使系列品种。我只修剪一半，等长出新芽以后，再修剪得更低矮。 我在修剪的时候，会在最顶端的叶芽上方保留一片老叶子，这样利于新芽的萌发。在重度修剪之后，给予几次高氮肥料，可以促进枝条，叶片的迅速生长。 I ALWAYS CUT MY MINIATURE STELLARS BACK THIS TIME OFYEAR, AS SOME OF THEM CAN BE TEMPERAMENTAL. SCOTTOW SPARKLER IS A PRIME EXAMPLEOF THIS, AS I HAVE FOUND IF CUT BACK AFTER THE END OF AUGUST, IT WILL JUST DIEON ME. THE ONE ON THE LEFT IS THE SCOTTOW SPARKLER I GOT BEST IN SHOW WITH ATTHE YORKSHIRE SOCIETY, THE ONE ON THE RIGHTWAS AT THE PAGS SHOW. YOU WILL NOTE THAT SOME OLD LEAVES ARELEFT ON THE PLANT (I HAVE MENTIONED THIS ON THE GROWING TIPS PAGE). THIS HELPSTO BRING THE PLANT BACK QUICKER AND BETTER, THAN IF THE PLANT ISSTRIPPED BARE.
这个季节我通常给我的迷你型枫叶天竺葵修剪枝条，由于迷你型的枫叶天有一部分品种非常敏感，例如SCOTTOW SPARKLER.如果在晚于8月底修剪，它们常常死于我的棚子里。（注：迷你枫叶品种对温度的变化敏感，尽量不要在过冷过热的季节修剪枝条或换盆等大动作，避免夭折）。上图展示过的迷你枫叶天是我在约克夏天竺葵展上获得全场总冠军的那盆。你可以看到，我保留了一部分老叶片，这样可以帮助新芽尽快长出。 | 
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发表于 2013-9-16 00:51
提升卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
发表于 2013-9-16 01:05
准备入秋天凉后种小天，很受用
楼主
